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Leptospirosis
If you work or play outdoors, you and your pet may be at risk of exposure to an old bacterial disease that is getting a lot of new attention. Leptospirosis, commonly called “Lepto”, is a bacterial disease that was first identified in the late 1800’s. Veterinarians are finding Lepto more commonly because of an increased exposure of our pets to wildlife and their excretions. Leptospirosis can be fatal or cause serious long-term damage to the liver, kidneys, and eyes and can present with vague clinical signs and symptoms.
Veterinarians have used vaccines to protect dogs against Leptospirosis for a number of years and these vaccines were successful in decreasing the incidence of the disease caused by the two most common bacterial strains. New vaccines have been developed over to increase protection as new strains become prevalent, but no vaccine is 100% effective in preventing infection due to the multitude of strains or serovars.
With recent public awareness of possible side effects of vaccines in general, these new vaccines have met with mixed emotions from some veterinary practitioners. However, most vets agree that the severity of the problems associated with Lepto infection may outweigh possible vaccine-related risks.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, a disease that can be passed between animals and people. It is spread by spirochete bacteria in the urine of infected rodents, wildlife, and pets. The Leptospira organisms enter the body through mucous membranes or through abraded skin. People and animals can become infected from direct exposure to infected urine, but also through a contaminated environment, such as wading in water or walking in damp soil. People can also become infected if they work in high risk jobs handling animals or animal products. Camping, swimming, and gardening can also increase human exposure to Leptospirosis. Because the Lepto organism depends upon wet conditions for survival, increased caution is advised during times of increased rainfall (think Spring) or when standing water is present.
Leptospirosis is on the rise due to increased exposure to wildlife as urban and suburban areas continue to expand and encroach upon wild habitats. People and pets may be exposed to more animals such as raccoons, skunks, opossums, coyote or deer that are infected with Leptospirosis.
The signs of Leptospirosis can mimic those of may other illnesses. The first signs in dogs are often depression, loss of appetite, vomiting, weakness, and generalized pain. Affected dogs may drink and urinate excessively and have swollen, red, and painful eyes. Because these signs are common to other diseases and very non-specific, owners may try to treat their pets at home for such problems as an upset stomach or arthritis. This delays proper diagnosis and treatment for their dog, as well as increasing their own exposure to the disease. If caught early, treatment is usually effective and the survival rate is good. However, time is of the essence.
Ask Dr. McIntyre about the risks of Leptospirosis for your dog. Find out if vaccinating your pet is appropriate so that you and your four-legged family members can maintain optimal health.
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